Autogenic training and stress management strategies Essay

Autogenic preparing and stress the board techniques - Essay Example The viability of the strategy and its prevalence in the cutting edge age are additionally the piece of the paper being talked about. Before setting out upon the theme under investigation, it is proper to characterize a few terms utilized in the current paper. Analysis: Psychoanalysis is a technique for the examination of mental procedures blocked off by different methods. Simultaneously, therapy is likewise a restorative technique for psychotic issue. (freudfile.org/therapy/definition.html). As it were, therapy just methods utilization of an inside and out investigation of human brain and feelings which are useful in investigating fears, dreams, wishes and tensions covered up in his inner mind. Stress: Stress is the bodys reaction to any request or weight. (Smith and Pergola). At the end of the day, stress is the response of any disagreeable burden out of dread and nervousness that tells upon brain and body coming about into unevenness and lopsided state of mind of the person. Mental lopsidedness prepares towards physical infection and illness. Technique: Strategy is the term that implies strategy making and arranging so as to accomplish some particular objectives. It fills in as a rule while taking care of the issues and meeting with the objectives. Also, restorative vital administration characterizes the orderly method of dealing with the blueprint driving towards extreme unwinding liberated from mental and physical pressure and hindrances. The contemporary world is the universe of investigations and logical unrests in every single proficient field, which has acquainted different techniques and strategies with make life increasingly agreeable and loosened up one. Demonstrable skill in each office and incorporation of pros in all zones has furnished the people with chances of wide and far reaching guiding identified with both their private and expert life. The administrations of experienced experts are searched out for

AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY - Essay Example Malcolm X changed extensively finding out about his life and keeping in mind that I had recently believed him to be one of the pioneers who proposed that savagery is important to acquire political additions, subsequent to finding out about him I feel that Malcolm X was very progressively about making a feeling of solidarity instead of dissension. The existence that Malcolm X lived is very shocking considering the way that he began as meager in excess of a hoodlum and wound up as one of the most renowned pioneers in American history (Gallen, 1992). Simultaneously, I really wanted to contrast his existence with different pioneers who experienced preliminaries before dealing with their inward contemplations and their own comprehension about American culture. In these terms, the advancement of Malcolm X as a pioneer is very striking. Be that as it may, it turns out to be fairly hard to see how the individuals who regarded and tailed him when he was upholding a fanatic view couldn't come to acknowledge his progressively liberal way to deal with America and Islam. After he returned from his visit to the heavenly hallowed places in Mecca, Malcolm turned out to be increasingly open towards white Muslims and different Muslims who he had thought to be lesser than dark Muslims such as himself. While his own vision of Islam had been changed drastically with time and comprehend, those of his adherents remained a remarkable same. All things being equal, it appears the Nation of Islam was just a brutal association where deviation from the guidelines of the gathering can bring about ouster from the gathering. Then again, Malcolm X seems to be a receptive Muslim who turns out to be all the more tolerating everything being equal and believes the contrasts between them to be discretionary on the off chance that they can concede to the essentials of what they follow (Gallen, 1992). In the event that an individual like Malcolm X can come to comprehend our disparities and not believe them to be an isolating line between races or sexes, there is no motivation behind why we can't create implies by which we can explain contrasts today. These distinctions might be nearby, local,

Indian Hotel Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Indian Hotel Industry - Essay Example As indicated by the Ministry of Tourism of India, there is a shortage of 150,000 lodgings in the nation. The expanded interest of lodgings in the nation has showed up because of the popularity for inns in the nation has developed predominantly on account of the lively extension in the travel industry business which includes 75% of the general the travel industry in India. As indicated by the appraisals gave by Ministry of Tourism and Industry, the inhabitance paces of lodgings in Bangalore shot up from 64% to 79% somewhere in the range of 2001 and 2005, though in Bombay and New Delhi it expanded from 52% to 74% and from 53% to 80% individually. Peering toward the extraordinary potential in the Indian Market, widely acclaimed's inn networks viz. ITC, Accor and Hilton and are infiltrating for an expansive scope in the Indian inn industry though, Eastern Mandarin, Golden Tulip and Four Seasons are investigating an assortment of development prospects in the nation. Accor has as of late promoted the arrangement of two joint-adventures in India where the first is in enterprise with Emaar Mfg and involves development of 100 lodgings up to 2015. These lodgings will be working under the brand name of 'Formule1' with a for every room levy of USD 20-USD 30 every night. The subsequent joint-adventure is with Interglobe where Accor will hold 40% of the stake while the staying 60% will be held by Interglobe. This joint endeavor, under the brand name of 'ibis', will develop 25 lodgings in India by 2010. The explanation behind the deluge of Big Hotel gatherings to go into the developing business sector like India is that the US advertise i s to some degree arriving at the degree of immersion for them and markets like India with gigantic the travel industry and request/gracefully uniqueness in the inn business would give a lift as it is a financially savvy vacationer goal. HILTON GROUP OF HOTELS IN INDIA After an incredible achievement around the world, the Hilton bunch remained the key player in misusing the open doors in Indian Hotel Industry which is still in an incipient stage by thinking of a joint-adventure with the Indian gathering DLF to open 75 lodgings in the nation (DLF holds 75% of the stake) in five to seven years time. Before examining about this arrangement and Hilton's infiltration in the Indian market, we should see the present remaining of both the organizations in their own specific perspectives. HILTON HOTEL'S CORPORATION The Hilton Chain of Hotels hold quick to its organizer Conrad Hilton's way of thinking whjo said that, It has been, and keeps on being, our duty to fill the earth with the light and warmth of friendliness. This perspective is shared by all Hilton brands. Pre-February 2006, Hilton Hotels Corp. had run Hilton inns in the USA, in addition to different inns in the US and universally. In February 2006, Hilton Hotels Corp. purchased all of Hilton Group's Hilton lodging tasks outside the US. Hilton Hotels Corporation is the top global accommodation organization, with in excess of 3,000 lodgings in 76 nations and domains around the world. The organization holds, regulates or establishments an arrangement of widely acclaimed's and profoundly respected brands, including Hilton, Embassy Suites Hotels, Hilton Grand Vacations, Conrad Hotels and Resorts, Homewood Suites by

Since human individuals

Brain science has made extraordinary walks in the advancement of standards and techniques and the revelation of realities which find helpful application in different parts of regular daily existence. The targets of brain research are : (1) to comprehend human conduct; (2) to anticipate human conduct by methods for perception and investigation; (3) to impact or change the conduct of he individual or gathering in alluring manners with the goal that he can accomplish the objective he wants (McLeod, 1998). Brain science is the logical of human conduct and mental procedures; an examination which is of significant enthusiasm to practically all people.In the quest for this investigation is the significant element of understanding the objectives or targets. To depict, clarify and foresee conduct and if conceivable control or alter it, are the primary destinations of this logical order. These goals restrict just as expand student’s approach towards a more profound viewpoint of the fiel d as in he/she will have a grip on the assortment of topics that brain research gives, the advances or discoveries it has accomplished, its insufficiencies and deficiencies, just as inevitable difficulties the order faces.Since human people are unpredictable and changing, the investigation is intriguing yet has a specific level of trouble. Captivating in light of the fact that it investigates all the aspects of being human and having a specific level of trouble due to its diverse sub-disciplines. Conduct is depicted and dissected (McLeod, 1998). On this premise, an endeavor to anticipate conduct is conceivable, and in spite of the fact that this may not altogether and totally be cultivated in certain undertakings, the fundamental seeing at that point is that there are sure desires concerning how any individual would act or choose things that are inside his cognizant awareness.Psychology is vital to man since mental issues are normal to amass relations, in whatever system an individu al or gathering of people originate from (McLeod, 1998). Crafted by an advisor is a benefit since the counselee or customer will unfurl his life and makes himself defenseless against an outsider. It's anything but a simple decision to make consequently, all the preparation and information would be essential to enable the customer to uncover and confide in himself to another. Guiding is definitely not an exceptionally simple job.But it tends to be encouraged well when there is an away from of what and how it unfurls in the relationship that is built up with the customer (Nelson-Jones, 1988). A sound character doesn't mean it doesn't have any troubles whatsoever. It implies that an individual has the capacities to withstand any disturbance or stress that come his direction. He has taken in the aptitudes to cause him to acclimate to the inside and outer burdens; limiting clashes from inside and without however in a solid and typical working way.Personal development happens with regards to self-bits of knowledge; experiences concerning the activities of one’s brain corresponding to the structures and upgrades around the individual. The self-understanding is extremely noteworthy and vital to the customer for him to have the option to function admirably with the individuals who are there to aid his recuperation and possible self-improvement (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). Interestingly, of adaptability and versatility on the counselor’s part when to apply or execute the hypothesis (I. e., individual focused for this situation) with regards to the customer. It begins with the distinguishing proof of explicit issues and particularly the main drivers (Lishman, 1994). At the point when this is unhesitatingly accomplished, the specialist is in reality halfway to achieving his/her objectives which incorporates not just the help of the indications that the victim is at present encountering yet particularly the decrease of the event if not by and large disp ensed with. The particular treatment objectives are in like manner fundamental and it helps in the rest of the viewpoints or levels of the process.The symptomatic part without anyone else by and large is viewed as restorative since numerous customers have encountered quick alleviation. What's more, another significant fixing in the process is to recognize powerful reinforcers which help individuals in emergency for example or those in intense and interminable mental and enthusiastic anguish to support their arrangement for change and control of their issue. Helping the customer set up a sort of self improvement the board program is an extremely viable procedure to seek after inside the relationship (Smith 1997, 2004). Nature of the remedial approachWithin the individual focused methodology human instinct is comprehended as that of the individual having to the inborn limit of man towards development, wellbeing and satisfaction which implies that man is fundamentally acceptable and pr epared to confront numerous obstructions throughout everyday life. Customer focused treatment maintains a strategic distance from the inconvenience of objectives on the patient or customer during treatment. The customer starts to lead the pack in the meeting and of the discussion. It is the activity of the advisor to make the conditions helpful for the client’s constructive judgment of those encounters that are naturally fulfilling to the client.The ‘goal’ then is to arrive at where the customer wants to be a decent and â€Å"civilized individual. † Unconditional positive respect upgrades this climate be that as it may, and despite the fact that the objective might be hard to accomplish, genuine positive respect in the long run, as indicated by Rogers, urges even the â€Å"'unbehaved† to adjust or even change (Corey, 2004; Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). Tied down on Carl Rogers’ hypothesis on the individual focused methodology of getting c onduct and applying such a comprehension to the â€Å"healing† procedure, the idea of consistency is among the features of this eminent theorist’s perspective.It is comprehended as an idea which generally begins or started by the advisor or specialist and demonstrated to the customer whereby the previous shows a greater amount of the genuine individual that he/she is and lessening disavowal of the genuine battles or emotions that will in general be kept inside (Smith, 1997; Rogers, 1951; Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). All the while, the customer figures out how to divulge the genuine self as opposed to accept a veneer which not just veils the genuine issues, make the restorative relationship progressively troublesome (Rogers, 1959).Rogers most likely in his long periods of introduction to various customers or patients, discovered shared trait in his associations that help encourage better recuperation and harmoniousness as demonstrated by a specialist in the end pic ked up its place in his methodology. Application or Action Point: Case study: â€Å"Mrs. Todd was admitted to a senior consideration home after the passing of her significant other and in line with her little girl, matured 70, who could not oversee anymore. A half year after affirmation Mrs Todd wouldn't get up for seven days, saying that there was no point.During the touchy addressing by the private social specialist uncovered that Mrs Todd had never grappled with the loss of her significant other. On this she had been not able to articulate her misery, in addition to the recognition that she had lost control autonomy, notwithstanding top notch care in the home, had brought about confounded speculation, twisting of distress and withdrawal. † There are some â€Å"steps† that had been begat by Rogers to place the hypothesis in â€Å"action, as it were. In any case, it is basic that the movement of the helping relationship isn't constrained or hurried.The objective for this situation is for Mrs, Todd to be â€Å"influenced† by the counsellor’s feeling of good faith which implies that these positive attributes should some way or another ransack off on the customer. Roger’s understanding is that helping somebody must be best when the individual is energized or has proceeded onward from a condition of dejection to essentialness paying little mind to her/his conditions. This is the essential explanation that Roger’s broad conversation additionally spins around the consistent self (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980).One significant part of the individual focused methodology is the sympathy that ought to be displayed by the advisor/specialist. Carl Rogers (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980) started the model with the reason that inside every individual is the ability to in the end outperform any hindrance with the assistance and backing of basic individuals. The unqualified positive respect which when developed by an advisor is a ccepted to be exceptionally vital to the recuperation and mending of the patient.There is corrective incentive to the abilities which, significantly, will include the methodology that the specialist takes over the span of their mending relationship. On account of Mrs. Todd whose condition of debilitation and pain had not been beaten will be a perspective for the advising setting. The individual focused advisor is an adherent that when given time, a patient-listening-ear and different abilities, help for Mrs. Todd is to tap the internal quality that she has can be had.The objectives of treatment incorporate the correction of a person’s comprehension of himself, getting mindful of the errors of his genuine encounters and genuine self versus the projection of other’s perspectives and scouring these onto him, accordingly influencing the individual of the correct demeanor and point of view of what life is really about (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). Since the accentuatio n is on the uniqueness of the individual, it goes past the simple acknowledgment of the genuine worth of oneself. It additionally acknowledges that there are real factors in life that should be acknowledged however the individual must rise above over these unwelcoming encounters.The significance is to acknowledge too that one’s decisions and choices are significant and the individual must acknowledge his duty of the outcomes of his activities (Smith, 1999, 2004; Rogers, 1980). One significant part of the individual focused methodology is the compassion that ought to be shown by the instructor/specialist. Carl Rogers started the model with the reason that inside every individual is the ability to even

The Many Benefits of Optimism

The Many Benefits of Optimism Spirituality Print The Many Benefits of Optimism By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on January 29, 2020 Yagi Studio/ Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Spirituality Happiness Meditation Stress Management Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Do you know someone who seems to always have a smile and a positive thought? Or are you yourself one of those people who is full of optimism? Hardships are seen as learning experiences by optimists, and even the most miserable day always holds the promise for them that tomorrow will probably be better. If you always see the brighter side of things, you may feel that you experience more positive events in your life than others, find yourself less stressed, and even enjoy greater health benefits. This is not your imagination. The Benefits of Optimism Researchers have been studying optimists and pessimists for years, and they have found that an optimistic worldview carries certain advantages. Superior Health Studies regularly show that optimists are more likely to maintain better physical health than pessimists including a 50% lower risk of cardiovascular disease and greater survival rates when fighting cancer.??  Some studies have also linked a pessimistic explanatory style with higher rates of infectious disease, poor health, and earlier mortality. Greater Achievement Seligman analyzed sports teams and found that the more optimistic teams created more positive synergy and performed better than the pessimistic ones. Another study showed that pessimistic swimmers who were led to believe they’d done worse than they had were prone to future poor performance. Optimistic swimmers didn’t have this vulnerability. Research like this has led some companies to go out of their way to hire optimistsâ€"a practice that seems to be paying off. Persistence Optimists don’t give up as easily as pessimists, and they are more likely to achieve success because of it. Some optimistic businessmen, like Donald Trump, have been bankrupt (even multiple times), but have been able to persist and turn their failures into millions. Emotional Health In a study of clinically depressed patients, it was discovered that 12 weeks of cognitive therapy (which involves reframing a persons thought processes) worked better than drugs, as changes were more long-lasting than a temporary fix. Patients who had this training in optimism had the ability to more effectively handle future setbacks. Increased Longevity In a retrospective study of 34 healthy Hall of Fame baseball players who played between 1900 and 1950, optimists lived significantly longer. Other studies have shown that optimistic breast cancer patients had better health outcomes than pessimistic and hopeless patients. Less Stress Optimists also tend to experience less stress than pessimists or realists. Because they believe in themselves and their abilities, they expect good things to happen. They see negative events as minor setbacks to be easily overcome and view positive events as evidence of further good things to come. Believing in themselves, they also take more risks and create more positive events in their lives. Research shows that optimists are more proactive with stress management, favoring approaches that reduce or eliminate stressors and their emotional consequences. Optimists work harder at stress management, so theyre less stressed. Explanatory Style Explained Explanatory style or attributional style refers to how people explain the events of their lives. There are three facets of how people can explain a situation. This can influence whether they lean toward being optimists or pessimists: Stable vs. Unstable: Can time change things, or do things stay the same regardless of time?Global vs. Local: Is a situation a reflection of just one part of your life, or your life as a whole?Internal vs. External: Do you feel events are caused by you or by an outside force? Realists see things relatively clearly, but most of us aren’t realists. Most of us, to a degree, attribute the events in our lives optimistically or pessimistically. The pattern looks like this: Optimist Explanatory Style Optimists explain positive events as having happened because of them (internal). They also see them as evidence that more positive things will happen in the future (stable) and in other areas of their lives (global). Conversely, they see negative events as not being their fault (external). They also see them as being flukes (isolated) that have nothing to do with other areas of their lives or future events (local). For example, if an optimist gets a promotion, she will likely believe it’s because she’s good at her job and will receive more benefits and promotion in the future. If she’s passed over for the promotion, it’s likely because she was having an off-month because of extenuating circumstances, but will do better in the future. Pessimist Explanatory Style Pessimists think in the opposite way. They believe that negative events are caused by them (internal). They believe that one mistake means more will come (stable), and mistakes in other areas of life are inevitable (global), because they are the cause. They see positive events as flukes (local) that are caused by things outside their control (external) and probably won’t happen again (unstable). A pessimist would see a promotion as a lucky event that probably won’t happen again, and may even worry that she’ll now be under more scrutiny. Being passed over for promotion would probably be explained as not being skilled enough. Shed, therefore, expect to be passed over again. What This Means Understandably, if you’re an optimist, this bodes well for your future. Negative events are more likely to roll off of your back, but positive events affirm your belief in yourself, your ability to make good things happen now and in the future, and in the goodness of life. Fortunately for pessimists and realists, these patterns of thinking can be learned to a degree (though we tend to be mostly predisposed to our patterns of thinking.) Using a practice called cognitive restructuring, you can help yourself and others become more optimistic by consciously challenging negative, self-limiting thinking and replacing it with more optimistic thought patterns.

Post-Graduate Training Admission Personal Statement - 275 Words

Medical Residency Post-graduate Training Admission Personal Statement (Personal Statement Sample) Content: Medical Residency Post-graduate Training Admission Personal StatementNameCourseProfessorDateMedical Residency Post-graduate Training Admission Personal StatementEarly in life I gained immense interest in the field of medicine and medical studies. My lifestyle has also been linked to the medical field and community support activities that are aimed at enhancing peoples health. Early in my academics, my interest in social issues and medical themes intensified. This interest was partly attributed to my family upbringing and the urge to have a mark in the society. Additionally, my success in academic and the subjects offered at high school, and the university propelled me to seek more knowledge in the field of medicine. I look forward to being acclaimed medical personnel in the world upon completion of masters of public health (M.P.H) degree. Additionally, life is a learning process, and I would like to gain more knowledge on different diseases and get the honorary status of holding a post honorary doctorate in the medical field.When I began school, I was keen on being the best. My personal attributes of hard work, sincerity, personal discipline and punctuality enhanced my interest for academic. During my high school education, I was among the best students in science related subjects; mathematics, physics, biology and chemistry were my best subjects. Ideally, these four subjects are the core subjects in the field of medicine. Excellence in these subjects acted as a boost to advancing my knowledge, and I did a lot of research on the medical field. Additionally, I used the lesson learnt in class to excel in my university education. My academic life has been successful due to my social interaction with friends, family members and colleagues. Notably, I am an astute member of different groups and academic clubs affiliated to medical studies. It is through joining clubs and my input in social and medical issue that I have managed to receive awards. I ha ve been a member of the American Medical Student Association since the year 2012. It is through my commitment in academics that I managed to receive the medical school physician diversification scholarship that I am still a beneficiary. In the medical field, I have great interest in family medicine. Ideally, I am keen on offering the best services to patients. Notably, my interest in family medicine and caregiving services grew as I watched doctors try to cure my epileptic grandfather. The doctors looked determined and worked towards relieving his pain after the head injury sustained after falling. Additionally, my parents were also affiliated to the medical field; my father owned a clinic in Ethiopia. It is through this clinic that I learnt how medical practitioners are instrumental in saving lives. I was not directly involved in the process of diagnosing people but the experience challenged me to be receptive towards life.The courses and topics taught in medical schools have had a n impact in my life. Additionally, these topics and courses have had an impact in my work and the different projects that undertake within the community. As a pharmacy technician for Kroger Pharmacy in the year 2009, I managed to use by academic knowledge of different disease in helping the licensed pharmacists. Additionally, I applied my academic knowledge in giving prescriptions and health-related items to patients. This information was crucial in advancing knowledge and information to the patients. On the other hand, my experience as an enumerator enabled me to meet different people from different households. These meetings were a major step towards learning the social lifestyles of people. In my other experience as a teaching assistance for Kings Brook Jewish Medical Center, I managed to interact with stakeholders in the medical field. The process of impacting knowledge to the attending doctors also acted asa learning process to me.The medical field is diverse, and it has differ ent professionals. My father was not a certified doctor but he used his experience in handling minor ailments while giving diagnosis. The success of medical practitioners is always celebrated and known once a disease has been controlled. Additionally, people appreciate the work done by doctors and nurses. It is through this appreciation that medical practitioners seek to enhance their research and knowledge of ways of curing many different ailments. Caregivers also give advice and psychological support to patients. It is through such support and therapy that patients respond well to drugs. This information and my hands on experience at New York City widened my perspective about the responsibility of doctors in giving Medicare. One lesson learnt through my work in New York City is the fact that the human race is one; there should be no discrimination in giving medical services based on race, social status or even economic capability of the medical recipient. In every medical situatio n, the goal has to be giving the best care to the patient. I have also worked with different doctors, surgeons and medical professionals in ... Post-Graduate Training Admission Personal Statement - 275 Words Medical Residency Post-graduate Training Admission Personal Statement (Personal Statement Sample) Content: Medical Residency Post-graduate Training Admission Personal StatementNameCourseProfessorDateMedical Residency Post-graduate Training Admission Personal StatementEarly in life I gained immense interest in the field of medicine and medical studies. My lifestyle has also been linked to the medical field and community support activities that are aimed at enhancing peoples health. Early in my academics, my interest in social issues and medical themes intensified. This interest was partly attributed to my family upbringing and the urge to have a mark in the society. Additionally, my success in academic and the subjects offered at high school, and the university propelled me to seek more knowledge in the field of medicine. I look forward to being acclaimed medical personnel in the world upon completion of masters of public health (M.P.H) degree. Additionally, life is a learning process, and I would like to gain more knowledge on different diseases and get the honorary status of holding a post honorary doctorate in the medical field.When I began school, I was keen on being the best. My personal attributes of hard work, sincerity, personal discipline and punctuality enhanced my interest for academic. During my high school education, I was among the best students in science related subjects; mathematics, physics, biology and chemistry were my best subjects. Ideally, these four subjects are the core subjects in the field of medicine. Excellence in these subjects acted as a boost to advancing my knowledge, and I did a lot of research on the medical field. Additionally, I used the lesson learnt in class to excel in my university education. My academic life has been successful due to my social interaction with friends, family members and colleagues. Notably, I am an astute member of different groups and academic clubs affiliated to medical studies. It is through joining clubs and my input in social and medical issue that I have managed to receive awards. I ha ve been a member of the American Medical Student Association since the year 2012. It is through my commitment in academics that I managed to receive the medical school physician diversification scholarship that I am still a beneficiary. In the medical field, I have great interest in family medicine. Ideally, I am keen on offering the best services to patients. Notably, my interest in family medicine and caregiving services grew as I watched doctors try to cure my epileptic grandfather. The doctors looked determined and worked towards relieving his pain after the head injury sustained after falling. Additionally, my parents were also affiliated to the medical field; my father owned a clinic in Ethiopia. It is through this clinic that I learnt how medical practitioners are instrumental in saving lives. I was not directly involved in the process of diagnosing people but the experience challenged me to be receptive towards life.The courses and topics taught in medical schools have had a n impact in my life. Additionally, these topics and courses have had an impact in my work and the different projects that undertake within the community. As a pharmacy technician for Kroger Pharmacy in the year 2009, I managed to use by academic knowledge of different disease in helping the licensed pharmacists. Additionally, I applied my academic knowledge in giving prescriptions and health-related items to patients. This information was crucial in advancing knowledge and information to the patients. On the other hand, my experience as an enumerator enabled me to meet different people from different households. These meetings were a major step towards learning the social lifestyles of people. In my other experience as a teaching assistance for Kings Brook Jewish Medical Center, I managed to interact with stakeholders in the medical field. The process of impacting knowledge to the attending doctors also acted asa learning process to me.The medical field is diverse, and it has differ ent professionals. My father was not a certified doctor but he used his experience in handling minor ailments while giving diagnosis. The success of medical practitioners is always celebrated and known once a disease has been controlled. Additionally, people appreciate the work done by doctors and nurses. It is through this appreciation that medical practitioners seek to enhance their research and knowledge of ways of curing many different ailments. Caregivers also give advice and psychological support to patients. It is through such support and therapy that patients respond well to drugs. This information and my hands on experience at New York City widened my perspective about the responsibility of doctors in giving Medicare. One lesson learnt through my work in New York City is the fact that the human race is one; there should be no discrimination in giving medical services based on race, social status or even economic capability of the medical recipient. In every medical situatio n, the goal has to be giving the best care to the patient. I have also worked with different doctors, surgeons and medical professionals in ...

Salem Witch Trials A Crucial Moment In History - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3028 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/21 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? Salem Witch Trials Thesis: The Salem Witch Trials are still relevant today as they serve as an example both of how mass hysteria arises at times of societal instability, and as a warning against the tendency of society to find a scapegoat for its fears and concerns. In the years leading up to the Salem Witch Trials, the Salem community experienced societal instability due to several different factors. Like all of the other colonies, Salem was established in a region where mortality rates were quite high, often due to famine, disease, and frequent wars. While there were multiple wars during the early colonial period, including wars with different Native American tribes, the Dutch, the French, and the Spaniards, it was King Williams War in particular that had the greatest impact on the New England area around the time of the witch trials. During King Williams war, which began in 1688, the English colonists fought against New France and its Native allies. There had already been much tension between English and French colonists leading up to the war, which only increased when Englands King William III joined the League of Augsburg to fight against France (roach intro). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Salem Witch Trials: A Crucial Moment In History" essay for you Create order There were also ongoing disagreements over the border between New England and Acadia, a colony of New France that included parts of Maine, after many English colonists from Massachusetts had begun to expand and settle there. Throughout the war, the French and their Native American allies launched multiple attacks on English colonists. For example, at the Battle of Fort Loyal in 1690, in Falmouth, Maine, the French massacred two hundred English settlers, taking all the survivors as prisoners, and burning down what remained of the settlement. In addition, just days after the first girls in Salem became afflicted, the French and Abenaki Indians attacked York, Maine, killing fifty colonists, including women and children, slaughtering cattle, and destroying buildings and farms (roach 9). Thus, the incredibly close proximity of the battles to Salem worried many of the colonists there, and the fear of sudden attack became a prominent concern, playing into their everyday lives. While Salem, itself, was never the focal point of the attacks, much of the area was open to Indian invasion, and often Natives were seen creeping around the Salem Village, further increasing the anxieties of the colonists. Rumors of the death and destruction coming from other New England colonies also helped to spread panic. Furthermore, many of the colonists who were left homeless after the wars migrated to Salem, putting a strain on Salems already stretched resources. The economic strain of war refugees exacerbated another source of instability in the Salem area: tensions between Salem Village and Salem Town. While the town of Salem originally started out as a singular unit, after a wave of Puritan immigrants came to Massachusetts in 1630 during the Great Migration, the General Court allowed Salem to expand, giving it the legal right to settle its backwoods (B and n 37). This new land, which would eventually become Salem Village, was much more fertile than the land of Salem town, and thus would become populated by farmers, with an agricultural economy that would supply food to the population. However, similar to many other agricultural regions, as Salem Village expanded, it to hoped to become an independent town, wanting a church, minister, and meetinghouse of its own. Nevertheless, as Salem Village provided both food and tax money to the inhabitants of the town, Salem Town fought to maintain its authority over the village, which began the long-lasting conflict between Salem Town and Salem Village. After years of conflict, in March 1672, the General Court finally permitted Salem Village to build a meetinghouse and hire their own minister, promising to exempt the Villagers from paying the Towns church taxes (b and n 41). While this was a big step for the Villagers, they were still far from the independence they craved, as they still lacked autonomy and their own government. Furthermore, while they no longer had to walk several miles to attend the Towns church, their own minister could not be officially ordained, and thus could not administer communion or admit candidates candidates to formal church membership (tulane web). Thus, Salems church lacked any real authority. Due to the to the lack of power that Salem Villages own institutions held, disagreements amongst villagers tended to escalate rapidly, affecting the entire community, as there was no governing body to settle them ( b and n 52). Often, villagers would turn to the Salem Town Church and other powerful Town institutions to settle their disputes, however, the town often ignored the cries of the villagers, and often attempted to shame the Villagers into accepting personal moral responsibility for their troubles (b and n 52). Thus, not only d id Salem Villagers feel both exploited and neglected by the Town, but they suffered much societal instability due to the refusal of the Town to give them full autonomy. Not only did Salem Village and Salem Town have dissension over autonomy of the village, but they also experienced tensions due to their differing economic practices. While Salem Village, which lay in the hinterlands, relied mainly on agriculture, due to its harbor, Salem Town thrived as a center of trade and commerce (b and n 39). In 1683, the General Court declared Salems port one of the colonys ports of entry, through which all imports and exports were required to pass (too plagiarized). This not only emphasized Salems commercial importance, but it also opened up Salems access to the trading market with London, and it began exporting fish, furs, horses, grain, and a multitude of other good to colonies, the West Indies, and England (b and n 86). While these new developments lead to an increase in the Towns relative wealth, along with a rise of the merchant class, they also began to affect Salems politics. While before 1665, twice as many farmers as merchants had been elected to serve on the Town Board, merchants soon began replacing farmers, eventually outnumbering them six to one (b and n 87). Thus, only a small portion of farmers that had familial ties to merchants were able to maintain their political influence in the Town. In addition to losing political standing, Salem Villagers farmers also experienced an economic decline during this time. While agricultural wealth represented about forty percent of Salems total wealth in the 1650s, by the 1680s, it only represented about nine percent, suggesting that agriculture, the very livelihood of the villagers, had begun to decline as an industry (b and n 88). Other economic problems also ensued as the population of Salem Village grew, including the loss of available land for farming, leaving many men propertiless by 1690, and the decrease of average property size by nearly half as it became divided up for new families. As the villagers continued to watch Salem Town prosperer, while they themselves suffered economically, the hostility between the two only grew. While Salem Town seemed to be oblivious of the Villages struggles, Salem Village constantly felt the large presence of the Town and its successes, which they viewed as a hindrance to their own (b and n 88). In addition to the tension between Salem Town and Salem Village, there was conflict between the inhabitants of Salem Village, itself. While many of the villagers in the west, the area farthest inland from Salem Town, felt both intimidated and discouraged by the Townrs economic successes, not everyone from the Village felt this way. Some villagers actually saw the urbanization and commercial growth of the town as a promising development (b and n 94). Usually, it were these villagers who lived on the eastern side of the village, along the border of Salem Town. Closer to the Towns thriving trading center, as well its roads and waterways, the eastern villagers felt less alienated from the Town, and realized their potential to capitalize on the Towns successes ( b and n 94). Furthermore, the eastern side of Salem Village also had better quality land (b and n 96). Compared to the marshes and sharp hills that broke up land in the west, the east had mainly broad flat meadows, making it easier to grow crops. Thus, coupled with their closer proximity to the Town, the eastern side was better able to supply Salem Town with the goods it needed, giving it another advantage over the farmers in the west. Due to the west villagers resentment towards the easts success, along with the slowly shifting views of the easterners, the Village soon became divided, with two factions beginning to emerge. While the west farmers hoped to stay connected to the past habits and values that prized the community (games 59), the eastern villagers hoped for something else entirely, or a market oriented economy which tolerated and even accepted individual ambition. The west valued agriculture, a practice that had been their livelihood for generations. They saw their way of life as beneficial to the community and its greater good, looking down upon the capitalism emerging in Salem Town as an economy based in selfishness and self-interest. Many westerners even began to fear a capitalist society, worrying about the possibility of the easterners destroying their long-held traditions and values by engaging in the practices of Salem Town. Thus, it was no wonder that Jeremiah Watts, a resident of Salem Village, described the community in 1682 as one in which brother is against brother and neighbors [are] against neighbors, all quarreling and smiting one another (b and n 45 footnote 12). Furthermore, with both widespread jealousy and fear among the villagers themselves, along with the accumulation of all the other tensions in Salems society, the accusations and mass hysteria that soon followed is no unexplained occurrence. While the first three witchcraft accusations that emerged in 1692 would never have caused such an uproar on their own, it was the mass hysteria that ensued that turned the Salem Witch Trials into such an epidemic. After the strange fits that Abigail Williams and Betty Parris experienced in January, fear of witchcraft increased twofold. However, it was really after the confession of Reverend Parris Indian slave, Tituba, that accusations began to spread rapidly. By April, 22 more witches had been accused, and by May, 39 more had been added to that list ( b and n 31). In fact, towards the end of the summer, the number of accusations had become so great that accurate records of the official proceedings were no longer kept. By the time the trials had ended in May 1693, just a little over a year after they had started, more than 185 people had been accused of witchcraft and a total of 19 had been hanged: 14 women and 5 men (karlsen, 51). While 19 people may not sound like such a large number today, the population of Salem at the time of the trials was around 2,000, meaning that almost twenty percent of the villagers population had been accused of witchcraft, and roughly one out of every hundred of Salems residents had been executed. While outbreaks of witchcraft were not uncommon during this time, what distinguishes the Salem Witch Trials from other trials in North America and Europe is the fact that not all of the accused were poor, or of lower status, a common characteristic among those accused of being witches. Rather, many of the accused actually came from more prominent families in Salem (b and n 32). Although the first few witches were considered societal outcasts, after the initial accusations, a new pattern among the accused arose. In March, two Church members and well respected wives of wealthy landowners were accused. Similarly, in April, accusations were brought against Philip English, the wealthiest ship owner in Salem, and former Salem Village minister, George Burroughs (b and n 32). Throughout the summer of 1692, many of Massachusetts most upstanding women and men had been accused, including wealthy Boston merchant, Hezekiah Usher, Nathaniel Saltonstall, a member of the of the Governors Council and a former judge on the Court of Oyer and Terminer, and Lady Phips, the governors wife (b and n 32). By the end of the summer, the accusations had reached people in such a high level in society, that one of the lawyers who prepared the cases against the accused wrote, The afflicted spare no person of what quality so ever (boyer and nissenbaum page 32). The high status of the people accused only demonstrated the extent of the mass hysteria in Salem: the panic and fear had become so widespread that anyone was at risk of being labeled a witch, no matter where they stood in the social hierarchy. As with many cases of mass hysteria brought on from societal tensions, during the Salem Witch Trials, a scapegoat was necessary to explain the conflicts present in society. In Salem, devil worshipping witches made an obvious scapegoat. However, it was really the characteristics of the accused witches that made them them good scapegoats, easier for them to take all the blame. Typically, scapegoats are vulnerable members in society, or those who overall lack power. Thus, 1692 Salem, women perfectly fit the bill. According to Puritan religion, God had placed man above all other creatures, therefore placing men over women, and husbands superior to wives (karlsen 164). In educating their congregants about the nature of womanhood, it was common for ministers to preach about the obligation of female subjugation, warning about the severe consequences should a woman fail to do so (166 karlsen). Thus, in order for a woman to be a devout Puritan, she had to believe that she was created to lend herself to mans needs, as women who failed to serve men failed to serve God (karlsen 166). In that regard, it is understandable that in Puritan society, the main role of of a woman was seen as that of a wife, her main duties simply domestic ones, such as taking care of both children and home (karlsen 165). Furthermore, the ideal Puritan wife was loyal, an alter ego of her husband rather than an autonomous mate, and one who acknowledging him as Lord (karlsen 165). Just as woman were utterly powerless in marital relationships, having no identity separate from their husbands, so too they were thought of as members in society. This made it incredibly more easy for women to become scapegoats during the Salem Witch Trials, explaining why compared to only 44 males, 141 females were accused of witchcraft. Furthermore, almost all of the accused men were relatives of female witches, oftentimes husbands, brother, and sons. The vulnerability of women also accounted for the fact that while only 7 men were ultimately tried (16%), 52 of the accused women (36%) were brought to trial (karl sen 51). Given no standing in society, Puritan women were unable to protect themselves, completely subjugated by the men who enforced the belief that witches were women and also had the power to decide the fates of the accused. Aside from being powerless in society, many scapegoats also tend to differ from societal norms. In Puritan New England, there existed many rigid societal norms, including the practice of male heirs receiving and controlling property (games 41). Due to the the little power and social standing given to Puritan women, it was not considered acceptable for women to inherit property from their father or husband. In fact, many people even even feared propertied women, viewing them as a threat to societal order and Puritan gender roles. Furthermore, propertied women also produced much resentment among young men, who often felt that their own mothers claim to her husbands property simply delayed their own access to their fathers land (games 41). These fears and resentments made women who had inherited property good scapegoats, accounting for the fact that 61% of accused females owned land (karlsen 102). Similarly, propertied women were also 64% more likely to be prosecuted, 76% more likely to be found guilty, and 89% more likely to be executed than non-propertied women (karlsen 102). For example, Sarah Osborne, one of the first three women accused, broke societal norms after she inherited her late husbands 150 acre farm and attempted to gain full legal control of the property. Furthermore, soon after, Sarah became married again, this time to her indentured servant (b and n 194). As this too was deemed improper in Puritan culture, the community began to view Sarah as even more a deviant to the norm, and thus as a threat to the natural order of society. Similarly, many other propertied women were accused of witchcraft, such as Martha Carrier, who had inherited her fathers large farm, Elizabeth Howe, in line to inherit a third of her fathers estate, and Ann Pudeator, who had inherited the wealth of her two deceased husbands (b and n 195). While women and outcasts were never actually responsible for the troubles that plagued Salem, some of the people scapegoated were more directly involved, or at least seen as having played a larger role in Salems tensions. For example, after Abigail Hobbs confessed that she had first met the Devil in Falmouths woods during a period of Indian attacks in that area, some of the newly accused witches began to have connections to the frontier wars (Games 61). After Hobbs confession, the number of accusations rose quickly, and the geographic location of the accused spread. While at first, the accused mostly came from Salem, now, many of the accused lived in Maine, Boston, and parts of the larger New England area, all areas where major French and Indian attacks had previously taken place. Furthermore, many of the newly accused were men, some even wealthy with respectable positions in society. However, what linked all of these accused were their involvement in the frontier wars. Some were men thought responsible for the loss of certain battles, while others had just been fortunate enough to escape even though the rest of their town was destroyed, inciting both suspicion and jealousy in those less fortunate (games 61, ibid). Meanwhile, many others were wealthy merchants who profited from trade with Indians. No matter the involvement of the accused, society needed someone who they could blame for the suffering that resulted from the wars, as many people lost homes, livelihoods, and even family members. Thus, these men became the scapegoats, held accountable for the damage, simply by living on the frontier or being associated with the Indians, even though many had played little or even no role in the actual war.